ABOUT THE MUSEUM
ABOUT THE MUSEUM
ABOUT THE MUSEUM
ABOUT THE MUSEUM
ABOUT THE MUSEUM
PIONEER TRAFFIC
IN SLONIMSHCHINA
IN THE INTERWARE PERIOD
(1920 - 1941)
Years pass, one era is replaced by another, and our views, historical assessments, attitudes towards events and people change. In the 90s of the year of the last century, our country has become different. Other, more material values appeared in people. And the words "october", "pioneer", "Komsomolets" in our today's understanding take on a completely different meaning. But for our parents the word “pioneer” is the concept of childhood, joy, friendship, co-creation.
Creation of the first pioneer detachments in the Slonim region
(1921-1939gg)
January 14, 1919 units of the Red Army liberated Slonim from the German invaders. Soviet power was established in the city, but not for long. The Soviet-Polish war began in March and according to the Riga Peace Treaty (March 18, 1920), Western Belarus went to Poland. This marked the beginning of the struggle Belarusian people for their social and national rights as part of the Polish state.
By the end of 1921, an underground party organization was created in Slonim. At first, it consisted of 10 people. Its first leader was Chaim Yakovlevich Chomsky. In the same year, a Komsomol organization was created. In 1926, underground pioneer cells began to be created in the Slonim region; they were present in many villages: Ostrovo, Chepelevo, Kokoshchitsy. At first, the guys learned Soviet and revolutionary songs, carried out simple assignments of senior underground workers: they notified their fellow villagers about the upcoming mass events, distributed forbidden literature.
Residents of the Slonim region are actively rising to fight the Poles. Partisan warfare acquired its greatest scope in 1924-1925. The partisans attacked the estates of landowners and siege occupants, police stations, and freed political prisoners.
The pioneers, together with adults, participated in demonstrations and distributed leaflets. The ruling circles of Poland took the most decisive measures in response to the national liberation struggle. Military courts were in operation, pacification was carried out: groups of police officers and detectives broke into houses, arrested residents and brutally beat them.
Started arrests. In October 1930, the secretary of the Ostrovsk pioneer organization, Stepan Nikolayevich Zhuk, was arrested. He was 14 years old. On his registration card, which was brought up by the Polish defensive, it is written - "the category of the crime is communism." During the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. Stepan Nikolaevich was a prisoner of the Auschwitz camp.
The secretary of the Chepelevskaya pioneer organization was a member of the KSMZB Shlemen Grigory Tikhonovich. For his activities, he was also arrested and tortured by the Polish defensives. His registration card also contains the crime category “communism”.
In 1933, all Belarusian schools were closed. The school was taught in Polish. On the territory of Slonim powiat there were only 4 institutions where it was possible to get secondary education: these are public and private gymnasiums, a teacher's seminary and Zhirovichi agricultural school (for comparison: in the territory of Slonim powiat in the first years of the occupation, 9 seven-year and 38 elementary schools operated). Only the children of the rich could study, because the tuition fee was 600 - 700 zlotys per year (the annual income of a middle peasant is 150 zlotys per year).
Shapirograph
1932 - 1933 RK KSMZB organized the release of the underground pioneer newspaper "Pioneer" in the village of Melkanovichi. The newspaper was published once a month. The circulation is about 100 copies. Its editor was Vladimir Ivanovich Belko. The newspaper was read by people of all ages. The newspaper told about revolutionary demonstrations in the Slonim region, about the struggle for schools in their native language. The newspaper was written by hand, reproduced up to 100 copies on a chapirograph. Shapirograph is an improved hectograph - a device for making many copies of manuscripts and printed publications. The Pioneer newspaper was published in the editor's house. And the editorial board and the team consisted of three Komsomol members, residents of this village: Vladimir Belko (editor), Phillip Markevich and Anton Bishkarevich. Suddenly, the newspaper's management was arrested. In 1933 V.I. Belko was arrested and died in the police from beatings.
Was organized an underground pioneer organization in the village of Kokoschitsy. One of its leaders was Stepan Fillipovich Dobriyan. By 1933 was created underground district committee of pioneers. In August 1933, Pyotr Naumovich Dobriyan was elected its secretary. Pyotr Naumovich was born in 1916 in the village of Kokoschitsy, and in 1926 he entered the 1st grade of the Polish school in Melkanovichi. In the spring of 1932 he joined an illegal pioneer organization, and in August 1933 he was elected secretary of the Slonim underground pioneer district committee. In response to the appeal of the Pioneer newspaper, student demonstrations were held in the city. They demanded: “Let's patrab the school in Belarusian mov!”.
Vladimir Belko,
editor of the underground newspaper "Piyaner"
Photo taken
in Slonim difenziv
in June 1834
Peter Dobriyan
in 1985
Demonstration of Pioneers with Teaching Requirements in the Mother Language
In d. Melkanovichi, on the initiative of Petr Dobriyan, more than 200 leaflets were printed on a spirograph and distributed with the requirement to study in their native language. These leaflets were scattered throughout the village. And the schoolchildren themselves went out into the street and unfurled a poster with the words "We patrab the school in our native language." After some time, Petr Dobriyan was arrested by the police, and in September 1935 he was sentenced to 4 years in prison. Peter was serving his sentence in Kartuz-Bereza, where he began to write poetry. In a simple form, using the traditional images of spring, the sun, a free bird, the poet glorified freedom. He also wrote about the life of a poor peasant, a rebel guy who is in prison.
During the Great Patriotic War P. N. Dobriyan was in the partisans, and in 1944 he was drafted into the army. He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War and military medals. After the war, he worked in a regional newspaper, in the Slonim district committee of the LKSMB and continued to write poetry. In 1965, his collection "Stsyagi and Pahodni" was published.
Neither prison nor torture could break all the growing desire for freedom. The struggle continued until liberation. On September 17, 1939, the Slonim region was liberated from the Polish invaders, and Western Belarus was annexed to the Eastern BSSR.
Pioneer movement in the pre-war period
Bogdanchuk Maria
and Bogdanchuk Vera - the first pioneers
Zhirovichi pioneer detachment
After the annexation of Western Belarus to the BSSR, a new page in the history of the pioneer movement began. In April 1940, the the first pioneer detachments in the village of Chemery and in the village of Zhirovichi. In the village of Chemery lived Tamara Yakovlevna Lavreshchuk, a pioneer of this detachment. She was a frequent visitor to our school and talked about how the pioneer detachment was created in 1940, what a holiday it was for everyone: both adults and children. Tamara Yakovlevna wrote a poem "The Light of a Distant Star", dedicated to the first pioneers of the Slonim region. The manuscript of the poem is now in the museum of the State Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 10 in Slonim”.
Tamara Yakovlevna recalled and told: “It was a very solemn day, many songs sounded, the first pioneer fire burned in the form of a five-pointed star. The moment when the red tie was tied is forever remembered. "
Monument "Zvezdochka" in honor of the pioneer detachment created
in the village of Chemery in 1949. The author of the monument is a native of the village of Chemery, sculptor I.Ya. Misco
The pioneers that evening were Maria Danilovna Bogdanchuk and Vera Prokofievna Bogdanchuk. From that evening, pioneer childhood began for all of them. 1940 was a happy year for many children. Tsvikevich Luda, Stankevich Klava, Antonik Zhenya, Nedbailik Luda, Tavrel Anna became the pioneers of the Zhirovichi detachment.
What did the pioneers of the 40s of the twentieth century do? And there was a lot to do. As Maria Danilovna Bogdanchuk recalls: “... it was considered in our country that a pioneer is the one who is the first. We, the pioneers, were entrusted with the elimination of illiteracy among the population, and educational programs were organized. Each pioneer had the task of teaching several people to read and write. They were booksellers, delivered books and magazines to families, gave concerts of amateur performances in villages, helped to harvest. For all this, the pioneers were highly respected by the people ... "
Not far from Slonim, on the road to Ruzhany, there is a unique memorial sign created by I.Ya. Misco. Ivan Yakimovich said that he watched with trepidation how children were accepted as pioneers. And this memory left a vivid mark in his childhood memory. As an adult, the Honored Art Worker of the BSSR and People's Artist of Belarus immortalized the place with a monument "Zvezdochka" in honor of the first pioneer detachment created in the village of Chemery.
The first leader of the Chemerovsky pioneer detachment was Nikolai Markevich. All the pioneers loved him very much. Everywhere he was with the guys. His post-war fate is unknown. The leader of the Zhirovichi pioneer detachment was Alexander Burkovsky. As Tsvikevich Lyudmila (now Bolgova) recalls: "... with a counselor we went everywhere and on hikes, worked in the field, performed with concerts in our village."
The peaceful life did not last long. The terrible year 1941 came. Young boys and girls did not stand aside during the years of military trials. The pioneers made their significant contribution to the struggle against the German fascist invaders. But this is already a new, but still heroic, page in the history of the pioneer movement.
Dedicated to the first pioneers of the Slonim region
T.Ya. Lavreshchuk, pioneer of the 40s, author of the poem "Light of a Distant Star"
The light of a distant star
At thirty-nine, early in the morning,
Dispelling the depth of darkness,
Two blue-eyed White Rus
Merged into one republic.
Under a red banner and with a song
The people met their relatives.
In that column, large and close,
There were a lot of us children.
In the forties, sometimes in April,
When the sunset was dark around
The first pioneer was born
A small detachment.
We will not forget the times of those old,
That dusk, light strip,
Then (in honor of illegal gatherings)
We were received at night in the forest.
The forest has always been a good friend to us,
But he never thought
That, like a warrior for merit,
He will be awarded a star.
Fathers and children shoulder to shoulder,
Not knowing fear and trouble,
Happier than all people in the world
We stood around the star.
Our happiness was short-lived:
The war was making a death move.
And soon the Junkers howled -
It was the forty-first, formidable year!
The defender has already fallen, slain
At the border strip.
And drops of youthful blood
Mixed with dew drops.
The tractor stopped in the field,
Not plowing the furrow ...
And bombs flew with a howl
A pioneer star.
The forest burst into a blaze of conflagration,
I groaned from the cruel wounds.
He is to the partisans, as a comrade,
He helped fight the enemy.
The enemy took everything into account when attacking:
The suddenness, the heat of the rage,
He did not take into account only the spirit of the people,
He did not know the Russian spirit!
How could a damned fascist
Not to have huge losses,
When in battle for an older brother
A pioneer ran with a grenade!
Over the years you will see us less and less,
Those early pioneers.
"Some are gone, but those are far away ..."
The poet said this about us.
***
As a majestic witness
In the clearing, among the oaks,
The light monument was erected
The pioneers of those years.
Many springs have flown by
There were many snowy winters
Everything changed, we grew up
Even the forest has already become different,
But it burns without extinguishing
Shines brightly through the years
Not heavenly - earthly,
Not forgotten, forest,
Our childhood star!
The years-waves rolled by.
And it stands, as the truth is pure,
Celebration and light full
Pioneer obelisk.
And we are especially pleased
We all care deeply
That the author of the monument is a sculptor
Our fellow countryman Ivan Misko!
He was only eight then
When he sat on an oak tree
And with the secret envy of a boy
At us, happy, he looked.
Now he's much more
Do not return years ago
Today he is not a boy Vanya,
Today he is a laureate!
We cordially invite everyone
To make a short journey
And with a good memory of the past
Take a look at our star.
We will not forget the sign of attention
Kohl in many, few years
Someone will put the forget-me-nots
At the foot of a small bouquet.
***
The wounds have healed long ago
The smoke has been dispelled long ago
We are the veteran pioneers
Sometimes we stand at the star.
Just like the song turned out
Where "The sunset was burning over the mountain":
And there are only a few of us left
Out of twenty five guys.
We stand side by side in close friendship
Among the green silence.
And we, like you, only need one thing -
So that there is no more war!
So that the desired world lasts longer
The vastness of the fields was calm,
So that soldiers never again
They did not "turn into cranes."
